Inventions & Discoveries in Biology - 4

CONTRIBUTION	DISCOVERED/INVENTED BY
1.           Sex hormones	Eugen Stainak
2.           Sexuality in plants	Kolreuter
3.           Sickle cell anaemia: Traced mutation in Hb of sickle cell anaemia to a change in a particular amino acid	Ingram V.M (1956)
4.           Simple microscope	Anton van Leeuwenhoek
5.           Southern blotting	Southern E.M (1975)
6.           Sperm- discovered	Humm & Leeuwenhoek (1672)
7.           Sphaerosome	Pernes (1953)
8.           Spleen - Functions	Barcroft (1925)
9.           Spontaneous mutation in locus in maize	Stadler J
10.         Stethoscope	Laennec
11.         Streptomycin (antibiotic)	Selman Waksman (1944)
12.         Substrate & enzyme action form an enzyme-substrate complex	Michaelis L & Menton M (1913)
13.         Sulpha drugs	Domagk G.
14.         Synapse in the nervous system	Sherrington (1897)
15.         Test tube baby- first	Robert Edward & Patrick Steptoe
16.         Three-kingdom classification	Ernest Haeckel (1866)
17.         Thyroxin	Edward Calvin
18.         Tissue culture	Carrel A (1912)
19.         TMV (Tobacco Mosaic Virus)- discovered	Iwanowski
20.         TMV (Tobacco Mosaic Virus)- Isolated by crystallisation	Stanley W.M (1935)
21.         Totipotency of plant cells- Explained	Haberlandt (1902)
22.         Totipotency technique- First demonstrated	Steward (1950)
23.         Transmission of inheritance takes place through nucleus	Ernest Haeckel (1866)
24.         Trilaminar model of plasma membrane	Robertson J.D. (1959)
25.         Tubercle bacillus	Robert Koch (1882)
26.         Tuberculin test	Von Pirquet (1907)
27.         Turner’s syndrome	Turner (1938)
28.         Ultracentrifuge	Svedberg
29.         Vaccination- first	Edward Jenner
30.         Vaccine for Measles	John Enders
31.         Vaccine for small pox	Edward Jenner
32.         Viroid- First viroid	Diener T.O. (1971)
33.         Virus- reproduction	Delbruck, Hershey & Luria
34.         Virus, causing cancer in primates	Schidolvski D. (1973)
35.         Virus: Proved its existence	Ivanowsky (1892)
36.         Viruses crystallised & proved that these crystals can cause disease	W.M. Stanley (1935)
37.         Virusoid- First virusoid	Randles J.W. (1981)
38.         Vitamin	Funk (1911)
39.         Vitamin A	Mc Cullem and Davis
40.         Vitamin A- isolated	Holmus
41.         Vitamin B	Mc Cullem
42.         Vitamin B1	Ijac mann
43.         Vitamin B12	Ricker
44.         Vitamin B2	Warburg & Christian
45.         Vitamin B3	R.J. Williams
46.         Vitamin B5	C. Funk
47.         Vitamin B6	Goldberger
48.         Vitamin B7 (Biotin)	Vincent Du Vigneaud
49.         Vitamin B9	Day et al
50.         Vitamin C	Froilic Holst
51.         Vitamin D	Steenbock & Hess
52.         Vitamin E	Evans & Sore
53.         Vitamin K	Dam & Droisy
54.         Western blotting	Towbin (1979)
55.         Wheat- Cytology and genetics	Sears E.R (1948)
56.         X-rays	Roentgen (1895)
57.         Zymase, the first enzyme	Edward Buchner (1897; Germany)