Chromosome: The world chromosomes is the combination of two Greek words, "Chroma" means coloured, and "Soma" means body, but it is not truebecause chromosomes are not Coloured bodies.
Chromosomes are thread like structures that appear inside the nucleus at the time of cell division. German embryologist Walther Fleming first observed them in 1882. When he was examining the rapidly dividing cells of salamander larvae. After their discovery they were studied types of cells. It has found that they are present in all Eukaryotic Cells.
Number of Chromosomes:- The number of chromosomes is different species and ranges from single to hundreds pair The examples of some of species are as follows.
1. Penicillium : 2 Chromosomes or single pair.
2. Mosquito : 6 Chromosomes or 3 pairs.
3. Drosophila : 8 Chromosomes or 4 pairs.
4. Garden pea : 14 Chromosomes or 7 pairs.
5. Hen : 18 Chromosomes or 9 pairs.
6. Frog : 26 Chromosomes or 13 Pairs.
7. Wheat : 28 Chromosomes or 14 Pairs.
8. Honey bee : 32 Chromosomes or 16 Pairs.
9. Mouse : 40 Chromosomes or 20 Pairs.
10. Human : 46 Chromosomes or 23 Pairs.
11. Sugar-cane : 80 Chromosomes or 40 Pairs.
12. Fern : 1000 Chromosome or 500 Pairs.
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