Vitamins: Sources, Functions, Deficiency diseases -1

Fat Soluble Vitamins

Vitamins	Discovered by	Daily requirement	Sources	Functions	Deficiency
Vitamin A (Retinol, carotenoid, anti- xerophthalmic vitamin, vitamin of growth)	Mc Collum & Davis (isolated by Holmus)	2 mg	Carrots, pumpkin, sweet potatoes, tomato, yellow coloured fruits, pink grape fruits, apricots, leafy vegetables (Animals synthesize this vitamin from carotene. So it is called Provitamin A. Fish liver oil, butter, egg yolk, milk, cod liver oil, ghee	Synthesis of muco- polysaccharides so important for body growth. Maintain integrity and secretory activity of epithelial glandular cells. Night vision	Nyctalopia (Henerolopia) Xerophthalmia Dermatitis Increased susceptibility to infection and cancer Keratomalacia (Toad’s skin) Stunted growth Sterility
Vitamin D (Antirachitic vitamin, alciferol, sunshine vitamin 5 forms: D1, D2, D3, D4, D5	Steenbock & Hess	0.01 mg	Fish liver oil, butter, milk, egg, cheese, margarine, cream, oysters & cereals. Synthesized in skin from ergosterol (Provitamin D)	Ca/ P balance Increase absorption of Ca from intestine.	Rickets (in children) Osteomalacia (Especially in pregnant woman)
Vitamin E (Tocopherol, antisterility vitamin, fertility factor, beauty vitamin) 3 forms: α, β & γ	Evans & Sore	15 mg	Wheat germ, corn, nuts, seeds, olives, spinach, asparagus, leafy vegetables, vegetable oils, and their products, margarine, cotton seed oils	Antioxidant and prevents oxidative destruction of other vitamins (E.g. vit.K) Prevents formation of unsaturated fatty acids so prevents brown pigmentation Normal working of gonads Normal child birth Removes wrinkles of skin, scars	Sterility
Vitamin K (Phylloquinone/ antihaemerrhagic vitamin) 3 forms: K1(phylloquinone) K2(menaquinone) K3 (mandione)	Dam & Droisy	0.07-0.14 mg	Cabbage, cauliflower, spinach, soyabeans, cereals, liver, egg yolk. K2 - by intestinal bacteria K3 - synthetic form.	Formation of prothrombin from liver cells Blood coagulation Acts as coenzyme Q and participates in ETC.	Profuse bleeding (Haemerrhage)