Theories, Principles, Rules or Laws | Proposed by |
1. ‘All plants & animals are composed of cells’ | Dutrochet H.J |
2. ‘Birds are glorified reptiles’ | Huxley |
3. ‘Omnis cellula e cellula’ | R. Virchow |
4. ‘Protoplasm is the physical basis of life’ | Huxley |
5. “Abiogenesis first, but biogenesis ever since” | Oparin |
6. Allen’s law | Allen |
7. Apical cell theory of apical meristems | Hofmeister |
8. Aquatic origin of life- Theory | Thales (624-548 BC) |
9. Artificial parthenogenesis- Theory | Loeb |
10. Artificial System of Classification | Aristotle |
11. Axial gradient theory | Child |
12. Balance theory of sex in Drosophila | Bridges G.B (1916) |
13. Binomial nomenclature | Linnaeus |
14. Biogenesis (= Theory of movement) | Robert Brown |
15. Biogenesis (terrestrial origin) - Theory | Francesco Redi (experimentally proved by Louis Pasteur in 1862) |
16. Biogenetic law- Theory | E. Haeckel |
17. Biological species concept | Ernst Mayer and Dobzensky |
18. Cascade effect | Sutherland |
19. Catastrophism- Theory | Cuvier |
20. Cell theory | Schleiden and Schwann |
21. Central Dogma of Molecular biology | Crick F.H.C |
22. Chargaff’s rule | Chargaff |
23. Chemical evolution (Biochemical evolution or Chemogeny or molecular evolutiuon or Organic evolution) - Theory | Alexander I. Oparin (1923) Supported by J.B.S Haldane (1928) |
24. Chemosynthetic theory of life | Oparin and Haldane |
25. Chiasma type theory | Janssens F.A |
26. Chromosomal Theory of Inheritance | Sutton and Boveri |
27. Chromosomal theory of linkage | Morgan T.H and Castle |
28. Cohesion theory of ascent of sap | Dixon and Jolly |
29. Conditioned reflex | I.P Pavlov |
30. Contagion- Theory | Fracastorius |
31. Continental drift theory | Wagner |
32. Cosmozoic theory (Theory of extraterrestrial origin or theory of panspermia) | Richer (1865) |
33. Coupling and Repulsion theory | Bateson and Punnet |
34. Descent with modification | Darwin |
35. Encasement theory | Bonnet |
36. Encasement theory | Charles Bonnet |
37. Epigenesis- Theory | C.F Wolff |
38. Fertilizin- Antifertilizin theory | Lillie F.R (1914) |
39. Five kingdom classification | Whittaker |
40. Fluid mosaic model | Singer and Nicholson |
41. Gause hypothesis (Competitive exclusion principle Hardin) | Gause (1937) |
42. Gene Theory (Linkage of gene) | Morgan T.H (1910) |
43. Genic balance theory of sex determination | C.B. Bridges |
44. Germ layer theory | Von Baer |
45. Germ theory of disease | Louis Pasteur |
46. Germplasm theory or Germline theory | August Weismann |
47. Hardy Weinberg’s law | Hardy G.S and Wilhelm Weinberg (1908) |
48. Histogen theory of apical meristem | Hanstein |
49. Hypothesis of Muscle contraction | Huxley and Hanson (1954) |
50. Idea of Homoeostasis | Claude Bernard |
51. Induced fit Hypothesis of enzyme | Koshland |
52. Inheritance of acquired characters- Theory | Lamarck Jean Baptiste de (1802) |
53. Law of conservation of energy | Von Mayer |
54. Law of minimum | Liebig |
55. Lock and Key Hypothesis | Emil Fischer |
56. Materialistic theory | Oparin |
57. Mechanistic theory | Haeckel |
58. Mutation theory of evolution | Hugo de Vries (1901) |
59. Natural selection and Origin of species | Alfred Russel Wallace (1858) & Charles Robert Darwin (1859) |
60. Omnis cellula e cellula | Rudolf Virchow |
61. One cistron-one polypeptide theory | C. Yanofsky |
62. One gene-one enzyme theory | Beadle and Tatum |
63. Ontogeny recapitulates (repeats) phylogeny | E. Haeckel |
64. Oparin-Haldane Hypothesis (Primary abiogenesis) | A.I. Oparin and J.B.S Haldane |
65. Operon concept of gene action | Jacob and Monod |
66. Opsonisation- Theory | Wright and Doughlass |
67. Orthogenesis- Theory | Ernst Haeckel |
68. Pangenesis- Theory | Darwin |
69. Particulate theory | Maupertuis |
70. Preformation theory | Jan Swammerdam |
71. Principles of inheritance | Mendel (1865) |
72. Protoplasm theory | Hertwig |
73. Protoplasmic theory | M. Schultze |
74. Recapitulation theory or Biogenetic law | Von Baer (1828). It was called as Biogenetic law by Ernst Haeckel (1868). |
75. Semen (Fluid) theory | Empedocles (504-433 BC) |
76. Sexual selection- Theory | Julian Huxley (1924) |
77. Sol gel theory of Amoeba Locomotion | Hyman, Pantin and Mast |
78. Special creation- Theory | Falter Saurezi |
79. Spontaneous generation (Abiogenesis/Autogenesis) - Theory | Anaximander (B.C 611-547) Aristotle (B.C 384-322) Epicurus (B.C 342-271) Helmont (1577-1644) |
80. Stelar theory of plants | Tiegham and Douliot |
81. Survival of the fittest- Theory | Spencer |
82. Telom theory of Pteridophyta | Zimmerman |
83. Tunica corpus theory | Schmidt |
84. Vapour and fluid theory of heredity | Pythagoras |
85. Vital theory | J.C. Bose |
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